None of the Above (![[info]](http://klab.lv/img/userinfo.gif){kind=small} artis) rakstīja,@ 2020-02-02 19:39:00 |
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https://twitter.com/SimonJackman/st
"One of the most important contributions of John Sullivan, James Piereson, and George Marcus’s (1982) research on political tolerance was the demonstration that intolerance can be ideologically symmetrical: when liberals are confronted with a group they strongly dislike they will often deny that group fundamental rights to freedom of expression just as conservatives would for groups they dislike. Their methodological innovation — the least-liked group method — and the analyses using it helped to remedy the long-standing belief that intolerance is found largely on the political right that emerged from studies that used exclusively left-wing target groups."
"In a first major comparative study, Schwartz (1992) had respondents rate 56 values including ones measuring social conformity (obedient, self-discipline, politeness, and honoring parents and elders) and self-direction (creativity, freedom, choosing own goals, curious, and independent) in forty samples drawn from twenty countries. Analyzing two-dimensional configurations of the 56 values, he found that the conformity and self-direction values formed distinct clusters virtually everywhere. [..] Rating one of these sets of values very highly is consistently related to much lower ratings of the set of values."
"[..] It would be easy to conclude from this discussion that there should be a simple, unconditional relationship between authoritarianism and intolerance. However, the relationship is more complex: The willingness of people to limit political freedom should depend on how they respond to threats to their values. As Sullivan, Piereson, and Marcus clearly demonstrated, people on the right and left can become intolerant when confronted with personally objectionable groups."
http://stanleyfeldman.site44.com/Feldma
"One of the most important contributions of John Sullivan, James Piereson, and George Marcus’s (1982) research on political tolerance was the demonstration that intolerance can be ideologically symmetrical: when liberals are confronted with a group they strongly dislike they will often deny that group fundamental rights to freedom of expression just as conservatives would for groups they dislike. Their methodological innovation — the least-liked group method — and the analyses using it helped to remedy the long-standing belief that intolerance is found largely on the political right that emerged from studies that used exclusively left-wing target groups."
"In a first major comparative study, Schwartz (1992) had respondents rate 56 values including ones measuring social conformity (obedient, self-discipline, politeness, and honoring parents and elders) and self-direction (creativity, freedom, choosing own goals, curious, and independent) in forty samples drawn from twenty countries. Analyzing two-dimensional configurations of the 56 values, he found that the conformity and self-direction values formed distinct clusters virtually everywhere. [..] Rating one of these sets of values very highly is consistently related to much lower ratings of the set of values."
"[..] It would be easy to conclude from this discussion that there should be a simple, unconditional relationship between authoritarianism and intolerance. However, the relationship is more complex: The willingness of people to limit political freedom should depend on how they respond to threats to their values. As Sullivan, Piereson, and Marcus clearly demonstrated, people on the right and left can become intolerant when confronted with personally objectionable groups."
http://stanleyfeldman.site44.com/Feldma
