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As the child grows, parents take on one of four types of parenting styles—parental behaviors that determine the nature of parent–child interactions and that guide their interaction with the child. These styles depend on whether the parent is more or less demanding and more or less responsive to the child.Authoritarian parents are demanding but not responsive. They impose rules and expect obedience, tending to give orders (“Eat your food!”) and enforcing their commands with rewards and punishment, without providing any explanation of where the rules came from except “Because I said so!” Permissiveparents, on the other hand, tend to make few demands and give little punishment, but they are responsive in the sense that they generally allow their children to make their own rules. Authoritative parents aredemanding (“You must be home by curfew”), but they are also responsive to the needs and opinions of the child (“Let’s discuss what an appropriate curfew might be”). They set rules and enforce them, but they also explain and discuss the reasons behind the rules. Finally, rejecting-neglecting parents are undemanding and unresponsive overall.

Parenting style is based on the combination of demandingness and responsiveness. The authoritative style, characterized by both responsiveness and demandingness, is the most effective.