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Dream Interpretation

In analytical psychology, as in psychoanalysis, dreams provide important clues about the hidden realm of the unconscious. However, Jung's approach to dream interpretation differs significantly from that of Freud. Personal and Collective Dreams. Dreams about one's family, friends, and everyday life arise from the personal unconscious. In contrast, the collective unconscious triggers archetypal dreams of a numinous and fascinating nature. Jung relates that this distinction is prominent among the Elgonyi natives of central Africa: a "little" (i.e., personal) dream is regarded as unimportant, but anyone who has a "big" (i.e., collective) dream summons the whole tribe and tells it to everybody.

The Purpose pf Dreams.

To Jung, a dream can serve many purposes other than wish-fulfillment. It may express a person's fears, mirror actual situations in the dreamer's life, anticipate the future (as by providing a warning of impending trouble), propose solutions to the dreamer's problems, or even result from telepathy.
The majority of dreams are compensatory, and aim at restoring a state
of psychological balance. For example, Jung once dreamed of bendrng his head far back in order to see a patient in a high tower. He concluded that he must be looking down on her in reality, and this insight enabled a previously unsuccessful treatment to progress at a rapid pace. Similarly,a man with an inflated ego may dream of himself as a drunken tramp rolling in a ditch, or a person suffering from feelings of inferiority may dream of encountering such famous personages as Napoleon or Alexander the Great. Although it is possible to detect wish fulfillments in some of these dreams, the primary goal is to compensate for a one-sided aspect of personality by emphasizing the opposite view.

Dream Symbols.

Whereas Freud believed that dream symbols disguise unpleasant truths in order to preserve sleep, Jung regards the manifest content as the true dream. The language of dreams is confusing only because it reflects the natural illogic of the unconscious: To me dreams are a part of nature, which harbors no intention to deceive, but expresses something as best it can... What [Freud] called "disguise" is actually the shape all impulses naturally take in the unconscious.

Jung agrees that some dream symbols have sexual connotations, but
emphasizes that there are many other possibilities. Inserting a key in a lock might symbolize sexual intercourse, or it could describe the hopeful opening of new possibilities in one's life. A passive female patient's dream of her energetic father's sword could be caused by childhood sexual fantasies and unconscious wishes for his "weapon" (phallus), or it might signify the need for some new source of strength that would enable her future dealings with the world to be more aggressive and effective.

According to Jung, every qream symbol has at least two meanings.
Also, identical symbol cab mean different things to different people. Two
of Jung's patients once dreamed of leading a group of horsemen across a wide field and barely managing to jump a ditch, into which the other riders fell. To the first patient, a cautious introvert, the dream indicated that he ought to take more chances. The second patient was a pronounced extravert, however, and his dream warned that he was far too daring. Similarly, a mother-symbol may mean love and nurturance to one dreamer but signify over-protection, frustration, and anger to another.

Thus accurate interpretation requires the a.£.ti~ecooperaEon Qf tbe dreamer, and "it is plain foolishness to believe in ready-made systematic guides to dream interpretation, as if one could simply buy a reference book and look up a particular symbol". Instead Jung favors Freud's technique of free association, though he prefers to restrict the dreamer's train of thought to the context of the dream.

(C) Ewen, R.B. "Introduction to Theories of Personality".

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Decembris 18., 2011

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